The Unicorn and the Donkey… or, human connection in an age of identity politics

2023 marked the hundredth anniversary of the original publication in German of philosopher Martin Buber’s hugely influential and very peculiar book, Ich und Du. Born in Vienna in 1878, the author was part of the Jewish intellectual cohort that was devastated by the Holocaust. He became both a prominent Zionist and a leading advocate of Arab-Israeli coexistence, until his death in Jerusalem in 1965. One of the peculiarities of his seminal book, however, is that while it addresses a particular historical moment, it is in no sense a political book. It has a pre-political, even pre-philosophical quality, and that’s what makes it just as relevant a century on.

In his introduction to the new centennial edition, Buber scholar Paul Mendes-Flohr helpfully makes a connection between Buber’s concerns in 1923 and the current moment: ‘an age in which human worth is ever-increasingly measured by economic utility, vocational skills, and professional and social status’. Then and now, such tendencies reduce individuals to useful objects rather than ‘fellow human beings in the singularity of their existential uniqueness’. It is the non-instrumental encounter between such unique beings that Buber explores in the book, and that he felt was increasingly difficult in modern society.

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In praise of our moral inheritance

The conventional division between conservatives and progressives obscures an obvious truth: everybody wants to conserve some things, while few are against any kind of progress. The crucial questions are what is worthy of conservation, and what constitutes genuine and desirable progress.

The answers often lead to more complicated political identities, such as ‘socially progressive but economically conservative’, ‘cultural conservative’ and various, often conflicting senses of ‘liberal’. When we fall back on simplistic terms like conservative and progressive, it suggests a lack of depth to our political debates.

One question that often complicates political allegiances, and has the potential to add depth to our politics, is that of what schools should teach children. This is the subject of a 1943 book by CS Lewis, The Abolition of Man: reflections on education with special reference to the teaching of English in the upper forms of schools. As the main title indicates, Lewis believed our approach to education has consequences far beyond the classroom. Disarmingly, though, his book begins as a polemic against a particular textbook.

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The Reformation: a secular enchantment

If you ask most people with only a passing knowledge of Christianity to explain the differences between Roman Catholicism and Protestantism, they’ll probably mention communion. Catholics believe the bread and wine literally turn into the body and blood of Jesus Christ, while for Protestants the ritual is merely symbolic. Something like that? Martin Luther would have been horrified.

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Love your enemies… but don’t let them eat you

Sam Harris on the science of good and evil, Intelligence Squared, London, 11 April 2011

American philosopher and neuroscientist Sam Harris, author of The Moral Landscape: How Science Can Determine Human Values, is on a mission to break down the longstanding philosophical distinction between facts and values. Continue reading “Love your enemies… but don’t let them eat you”